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September 3, 2016July 18, 2019

Think resale when home buying

A common question, especially among savvy first time home buyers, is what will the resale value be like when they sell? Of course they are not asking for a specific price, but rather they question if the future home buyer will find the home just as desirable as they do. In other words, think resale when home buying.

That is a good question, since your home is one of the largest investments you’ll ever make; and you want to make sure you’re making a sound investment. Some things to keep in mind when buying a home and keeping an eye to the resale includes: focusing on current desirability; keeping the home complimentary to the neighborhood; considering added value; and not going overboard with updates and upgrades.

Ask yourself what attracted you to the home you’re purchasing and you’ll have a number of items that probably will make it desirable to the future home buyer. Most likely at the top of the list is the location. “Location, location, location” may be cliché, but it holds true. Items such as the home’s accessibility to metro and major commuter routes are important, along with its proximity to neighborhood and local amenities. Other top attractors to the home possibly include the living space and back yard.

Consider the future plans for the area, as it could affect the home’s resale. You can view the master plan for the county and specific localities on the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission’s website (montgomeryplanning.org). You can decide if the home you’re about to buy will be impacted by some future development or zoning change.

Another resale factor is how the home compares to its neighborhood cohorts. Is the home similar or does it obviously different? Has the current owner modified the existing living space in any way? Have they converted a three-bedroom home into a two-bedroom home; or similarly, added a bedroom by taking space from an existing bedroom or living area? Such modifications can make the home feel cramped and smaller and affect future resale.

Think about how the home seller updated and upgraded the home. Although not all updates add value, many will increase the home’s appeal to buyers. Keep an eye on the kitchen, bathrooms, and flooring, as home buyers typically consider these as high cost upgrades and can affect resale value. Ask the seller if they hired licensed contractors for major renovations and additions. Also, check for appropriate permits, and ask for plans and invoices.

Additionally, do your due diligence when it comes to “green” upgrades. Although the home seller may have considered the investment into green upgrades money saving, they are not always reliable and can be expensive to repair. And it may be all the rage among home owners, solar panels may come with lease payments and/or replacement costs with little or no net savings; so it’s a good idea to ask for associated lease agreements and utility bills, as well as replacement and maintenance costs.

When it comes time for you to sell, don’t go overboard when with updates and upgrades. Contrary to belief, doing too much to the home could have a minimal return on your investment, or even decrease the value. Updates and upgrades should be comparable to similar homes in the price range to maximize return on your investment. Also, steer clear from short lived trendy designs. Experts recommend to focus on function and substance when making upgrades.

By Dan Krell
Copyright © 2016

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Disclaimer. This article is not intended to provide nor should it be relied upon for legal and financial advice. Readers should not rely solely on the information contained herein, as it does not purport to be comprehensive or render specific advice. Readers should consult with an attorney regarding local real estate laws and customs as they vary by state and jurisdiction. Using this article without permission is a violation of copyright laws.

August 26, 2016November 23, 2021

Radon is everywhere – testing is not

Montgomery County MD is implementing two controversial bills. New county recordation tax rates. And – Radon is everywhere, but new law falls short to protect county residents.

Effective September 1^st, increased recordation tax will be collected in Montgomery County. The rate for the first $500,000 will be $8.90 per $1,000. The rate for any amount exceeding $500,000 will be $13.50 per $1,000. The individual primary residence exemption is also increased from $50,000 to $100,000. Read more about the controversy here.

Recordation tax is an excise tax that is collected for the “privilege” of recording an instrument in the land records. Of course, transfer tax is collected when a home is sold; and is also collected when a mortgage is refinanced.

Effective October 1^st radon testing is compulsory for homes that are sold in Montgomery County MD (however, the law lists exemptions). The seller must test, or allow the buyer to test radon levels in the home. The radon test must not be older than one year from the closing date. Both the buyer and seller must receive the radon report. If radon levels are above the EPA recommended action level of 4 picocuries per liter, then an estimate must be obtained from a licensed contractor to reduce level to 2 picocuries per liter. Read more about the controversy here.

Radon is a toxic, radioactive gas that is formed by the natural breakdown of radium. Radon seeks its way to the surface as an odorless, colorless, and tasteless gas. A 1999 National Academy of Sciences report (The Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, The Health Effects to Indoor Radon) indicated that radon causes up to 22,000 lung cancer deaths per year. As there are no immediate symptoms of radon exposure, the only way to know if a building has high levels of this gas is to test for it.

Radon is everywhere, but testing is not. Although the radon testing law is well intentioned, it misses the mark on comprehensive radon testing, education and awareness.

First, the law may unintentionally provide a false sense of security to home buyers. By requiring the test by the sale, it suggests to home buyers that the initial radon test (when the home is purchased) is the only test needed. In fact, the EPA recommends radon testing every two years. Homes with low radon levels may change over time to have increased levels, and vice versa. Additionally, the self-testing conducted by home owners may not be accurate (or worse, may be intentionally erroneous). Consequentially, home buyers should hire a qualified expert to test the home regardless of home seller provided test results.

Second, it must be asked as to why only require testing for single family home sales? Radon is everywhere. The radon law should have been more comprehensive to also include radon testing every two years for single family rental units, schools, and public buildings.

And finally, the law should have provided for consumer education much like the EPA lead paint pamphlet (Protect Your Family From Lead In Your Home) that is required for home sales and rentals. Likewise, why not provide to consumers the EPA pamphlet “Home Buyer’s and Seller’s Guide to Radon” (epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-05/documents/hmbuygud.pdf)?

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August 19, 2016November 23, 2021

Home sale timing – sell for more

Everyone wants to know the future, especially when it comes to the home sale timing. Home sellers and buyers want to predict home prices. Home sellers want to know the best time to sell. While Home buyers want to know if they’re getting a good price. And apparently there may be a fairly reliable predictor to home prices, however it’s not what you think it is.

Several empirical studies have attempted to provide a methodology for predicting the housing market (home sale timing). Of course there is the familiar of forecasting real estate through divorce and premarital agreements. Back in 2013, the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyer (AAML.org) issued a press release citing the increase of prenuptial agreements as sign of the improving economy. The increase in prenuptial agreements meant that people felt there was value in their assets. And this was meant to be a good sign in for housing market.

Of course there was also a spike in divorces that year, leading some to believe this to also be a good sign that people felt better about the economy because of their willingness to begin anew. But as University of Maryland sociologist Philip N. Cohen pointed out in his November 2015 blog post (Divorce rate plunge continues; familyinequality.wordpress.com) the increased divorce activity of 2013 was a just a recession related “bump” and in actuality the divorce rate decreased in 2014.

Then there was predicting housing through internet search data, which sounds more like fortune-telling than research to be honest. However, Beracha and Wintoki (Forecasting Residential Real Estate Price Changes from Online Search Activity; The Journal of Real Estate Research 35.3 (2013): 283-312.) concluded that, indeed, you can gauge regional housing trends through specific keyword search volume. Given this method, I used Google Trends to look up the keyword “home for sale” for the Washington DC metro region – and it is bound to become a hot market in the next six months (maybe a Presidential election has something to do with that?).

But a better indicator of where home prices will go may be the availability of credit. Most would argue that mortgage lending is a matter of housing demand. However, a working paper by Manuel Adelino, Antoinette Schoar, and Felipe Severino (Credit Supply and House Prices: Evidence from Mortgage Market Segmentation; February 19, 2014) concluded that “easy credit supply leads to an increase in house prices.” They contend that higher conforming loan limits and low interest rates benefit home sellers in the form of higher sale prices.

Adelino, Schoar, and Severino’s premise can be witnessed in hindsight as the pre-recession housing boom seemed to be fueled on easy credit. As credit became increasingly available, home value appreciation took off. Likewise, housing stabilized and home values appreciated post-recession as home lending requirements loosened.

Of course, many associate easy credit policies with recessions, and even the Great Depression. However, it’s not necessarily the easy credit that precipitates the recession – but rather it’s the tightening of credit. Stephen Gandel (This is When You’ll Know it’s Time to Panic About a Recession; fortune.com; March 8,2016) said it succinctly, “Tightening credit doesn’t always lead to a recession. But every recession starts with that.”

One may infer from Adelino, Schoar, and Severino’s research that a home seller can gauge their home sale price based on the lending environment. Lower interest rates and loose credit points to a higher sale price. However, tightening credit policies may point to flat or even lower home prices.

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August 12, 2016January 3, 2020

Sign ban or boosting Realtors?

Sign ban or free speech — Sign ban or Free speech? (infographic from newseum.org)

A special thanks to the Montgomery County Council whose proposed sign ban will undoubtedly help local real estate agents. Last week’s testimony about a zoning text amendment relating to signs and their location illuminated their place in the community as well as reminded us they are a form of free speech.

Of course the unintended consequences of a blanket sign ban in the right of way is yet to be determined. However, it would certainly make it more difficult for county residents to sell their home by owner (without an agent), as well as home buyers wanting to go it alone without an agent. The resulting lack of information that is currently provided by these signs would certainly compel consumers to hire a local Realtor®. Thank you.

Greater Capital Area Association of Realtors® (GCAAR) president Peg Mancuso testified: “From a real estate perspective, signs are an inevitable means of communicating with Montgomery County residents both new and existing. The proposed sign ban would be a tremendous inconvenience to community members who are in need of information for short term related events, such as open houses.” She mentioned a Realtor® best practice (which most agents adhere to) of placement of open house signs just prior to and removal immediately after the event. She also pointed out that many home owners are unaware how their properties relate to the right of way, as well as being uneducated about the permitting process of signs. These logistical and educational issues would make such a sign ban difficult for home owners to advertise their homes.

GCAAR vice president and COO Bill Highsmith, Jr reminded those at the hearing that GCAAR not only represents local real estate professionals, but is also a voice for home owners on property rights issues. He asserted that signs in the right of way have historically been a means of business advertisement, expression, and community engagement. He stated that “…publically visible signs are an important method of communication for county residents, Realtors® and the broader real estate market.”

Mr. Highsmith stated, “For Realtors® and the clients they serve, these signs are a particularly important way to communicate information about open houses and homes that are for sale. While you may believe the internet is the primary way folks learn about opportunities to purchase a home, real estate signs are vital to let the broader public know about the real estate market in surrounding neighborhoods.” He cited anecdotal evidence that many home buyers have bought the home they initially spotted from a sign. He asserted that many consumers begin the home buying process by visiting open houses (especially first time home buyers). And additionally suggested that these signs allow more county residents to become home buyers.

Allen Myers of the Maplewood Citizen Association (MCA) stated that these signs are useful to inform their residents of association meetings. Collection of permitting fees for temporary signs would be cost prohibitive, possibly adding additional financial burden to the members of the association. He asserted that the MCA believes that the signs are Constitutionally protected form of free speech.

It is reasonable to believe that many people agree seeing “shoe repair” signs are annoying. And it is also reasonable to surmise that improperly planted signs can become a hazard. Nonetheless, the takeaway for anyone attending last week’s hearing should be that these signs are beneficial to the community.

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August 5, 2016November 23, 2021

Money laundering through real estate

In the post financial crisis era, when anti-fraud units from various law enforcement agencies stepped up activity to prosecute real estate related crimes; real estate continues to be a vehicle for scammers and fraudsters. Although mortgage fraud and identity theft have been the mainstay, money laundering through real estate has not received the same attention. That is until this year, when a pilot program was initiated to identify money laundering in residential real estate. The program was ordered through the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the US Department of the Treasury (FinCEN), which is tasked with the protection of our financial system by primarily combating money laundering (fincen.gov).

FinCEN’s concern is the laundering and/or structuring of money through all cash deals into luxury real estate, primarily through shell companies. Through the use of LLC’s or other business structures, individuals can hide assets anonymously. According to FinCEN, “Money laundering” is the disguising of funds derived from illicit activity so that the funds may be used without detection of the illegal activity that produced them.”

A 2008 FinCEN report (Money Laundering in the Residential Real Estate Industry: Suspected Money Laundering in the Residential Real Estate Industry; April 2008) found that suspicious activity reports (SAR) remained steady through 2002. However, began to increase in 2003, and sharply rose through 2005; the increase was significantly more than the rapidly expanding real estate market at that time. Findings of the report indicated that over 75 percent of those engaging in money laundering activities were unaffiliated with the real estate industry.

The program to identify money laundering in residential real estate seemed to be the next logical step in a series of investigations. As a result, FinCEN announced Geographic Targeting Orders (GTO) on January 13^th of this year. The GTO was enforced from March 1^st, 2016 through August 27^th, 2016. And required title companies to report the individuals behind the companies buying high end real estate without financing (all cash deals), located in Manhattan and Miami-Dade County.

In an April 12^th FinCEN news release, former FinCEN director Jennifer Shasky Calvery stated “The analysis and DOJ forfeiture cases continue to show corrupt politicians, drug traffickers, and other criminals using shell companies to purchase luxury real estate with cash. We see wire transfers originating from foreign banks in offshore havens where shell companies have established accounts, but in many cases we also see criminals using U.S. incorporated limited liability companies to launder their illicit funds through the U.S. real estate market.”

On July 27^th, FinCEN announced the expansion of the GTO, beginning August 28^th and lasting for 180 days. The geographic areas were expanded to include: New York City; Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties; Los Angeles County; San Francisco, San Mateo, and Santa Clara counties; San Diego County; and Bexar County, Texas.

Increased scrutiny of money laundering in residential real estate compelled the National Association of Realtors® to issue Anti-Money Laundering Guidelines for Real Estate Professionals (realtor.org; November 15, 2012). The voluntary guidelines state that the real estate agent’s exposure is generally “mitigated” because most real estate transactions involve financing and mortgages (which are regulated). However, when encountering risk factors that fall outside the norm, NAR encourages due diligence and reporting of suspicious activity.

By Dan Krell
Copyright © 2016

Original published at https://dankrell.com/blog/2016/08/05/money-laundering-and-real-estate/

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